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Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, called Mahatma, is the Father of the Nation. He was born on October 2, 1869 at Porbandar in Gujarat as, the son of Karamchand and Putilibai. Gandhiji proceeded to England in 1888 and returned to India as a Barrister-at-law in 1891.There he was subjected to colour discrimination and he organized Natal Indian Congress. He started the journal ‘ Indian Opinion ’ and built Phoenix Colony and Tolstoy Farm here.

Moderate Nationalism (1885-1905) Persons involved during this period Moderate Leaders i. Surendranath Banerjee   was called the 'Indian Bruke' , opposed partion of Bengal,  he had formed 'Indian Assosiation' (1876), 'Indian National Conference' (1883) which merged with INC in 1886. ii. G Subramanya Aiyar   founded 'Madras Mahajana Sabha' , 'The Hindu ', 'Swadesamitran' . iii. Dadabhai Naoroji   known as 'Grand Old Man Of India' also regarded as India's unofficial ambassador in England. He was the first Indian to become a member of the British house of Commons.  Wrote "Poverty & Unbritish Rule in India" explained "Drain Theory"  iv. Gopal Krishna Gokhale   was regarded as 'Political Guru' of Gandhi, founded 'Servants of India Society'    The Moderates had succeeded in getting the expansion of the legislative councils by the Indian C...

The revolt of 1857 Causes of the Revolt Political Causes The  Doctrine of Lapse , particularly its practical application by Lord Dalhousie, produced grave discontent and alarm among the native princes, who were directly affected. Economic Causes The British damaged the Indian trade and manufacture by imposing a  high tariff  in Britain against Indian goods, and by encouraging all means the import of British goods to India. A ' new plantation system'  introduced in the year  1833  resulted in incalculable misery for the Indian peasants. The hard hit were the peasants on the indigo plantations in Bengal and Bihar. Social Causes The Englishmen showed an arrogant attitude towards the Indians. Indiscriminate assaults on Indians by Englishmen became quite common. Military causes The Indian sepoys in the British Indian army nursed a sense of strong resentment at their  low salary  and  poor  prospects of  promoti...

Governor Generals of Bengal And Their Important works Robert Clive   (1957-60) and (1765 -67) First Governor General of Bengal. He started dual system in Bengal in 1765. Warren Hastings   (1772-1785) Brought the Dual- govt of Bengal to an end by the Regulating Act, 1773 . Ended Dual System in 1772, Calcutta became capital in the same year Abolished system of Dastak (free duty passes). Introduced   uniform system of Pre-Paid Postage System Great patron of oriental learning, founded the Asiatic society of Bengal with William jones in 1784. Known for Expansionist Policy Wars - Rohilla War(1774), Ist Anglo-Maratha, 2nd Anglo-Maysore Impeached by the Pitts Act 1784 Lord Cornwallis   (1786-1793) Known for two P's ie. Police Reforms , Permanent Settlement (Zamidaari Sys) First person to codify laws . "Cornwallis Code" The civil service was brought into existence. War - 3rd Mayso...