Competition ZENITH

What are bonds? Bonds are instruments of debt - typically used by corporates to raise money from investors. Difficulties giving birth to Masala Bonds? Previously Indian companies had to rely on external commercial borrowings or ECBs to raise money from overseas investors. The challenge with ECBs is the entity raising money is faced with a currency risk - they have to be raised and repaid in dollar terms. So if till the time of repayment the conversion value of Rupee to Dollar down further then the Indian company has to larger Rupee to repay the pre determined Dollar value.

Let's Get Back Into History   The formation of EU began in 1951, when group of 6 countries namely France, West Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg and Italy came together for economic integration. From the II world war itself, there had been unification attempts on terms of economic integration to avoid another world war. The geographical position and parallel economic development of these countries made this integration quite successful. In 1951 Greece was admitted to the EU. This admittance was surprising as Greece was way behind Western Europe countries in development. But Greece was important for EU because of its Historic Connections and geopolitical relevance. It is important to note that in 2001, Greece entered Eurozone and started using Euro as its currency. Greece never had a comparable economy with the rest of European Union countries therefore free trade areas and economic integration didn’t make sense. This resulted in an increase in salary of Gr...

Launch Date :- 01st July 2015 Launched by :- Shri Narendra Modi Theme :- "Power To Empower" Aim :- "as an ambitious umbrella programme it will transform India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy". VISION The government is reinvigorating an $18 billion campaign to provide fast internet connections for all, with a "digital week" aimed at popularising Prime Minister Narendra Modi's campaign promise to connect 250,000 villages in India by 2019. ORGANISATION The Department of Electronics & Information Technology (DeitY) is the nodal agency for implementing the Digital India Programme in close cooperation with other departments and ministries. The vision of Digital India is centred on three key areas - (i) Digital Infrastructure as a Utility to Every Citizen (ii) Governance & Services on Demand and (iii) Digital Empowerment of Citizens Here is what you need to know about PM Narendra Modi...

The Reserve Bank of India in its second bi-monthly policy announced on Tuesday has reduced the policy repo rate under the liquidity adjustment facility (LAF) by 25 basis points from 7.5 per cent to 7.25 per cent with immediate effect Repo Rate (short-term lending rate)- 7.25% (Decreased 25 Basis Points) (1% is equivalent to 100 basis points) CRR (the amount of cash banks must keep with RBI)- 4.0% (Unchanged) Other Rates Reverse Repo Rate (short-term borrowing rate) - 6.25% Statuary Liquidity Ratio (SLR) - 21.5% (Unchanged) Marginal Standing Facility (MSF) - 8.25% (Unchanged) Bank Rate (BR) - 8.25% (Unchanged) It has decided to continue to provide liquidity under overnight repos at 0.25 per cent of bankwise NDTL at the LAF repo rate and liquidity under 14-day term repos as well as longer-term repos of up to 0.75 per cent of NDTL of the banking system through auctions and continue with overnight/term variable rate repos and reverse repos to smooth li...

With a population approaching almost 1.2 billion in 2010, India is likely to be the most populous country on this planet by 2030 with 1.6 billion people. It currently accounts for more than 17% of the global population and 456 million poor , or 41.6% living on less than $1.25 a day (Chen and Ravallion 2008). Ensuring food and nutrition security is thus a challenge for India. Food security concerns can be traced back to the experience of the Bengal Famine in 1943 during British colonial rule. With the launching of major reforms in 1991, although liberalization was already under way since the 1980s, India has grown out of a period of acute shortages and heavy dependence on food aid to self-sufficiency, or broadly, self-reliance in food. The agriculture sector in India has had quite a revolutionary past with the Green Revolution in the late 1960s and 1970s, White Revolution (Operation Flood) in the 1970s and 1980s, and efforts to usher in a second Green Revolution to re-...

CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD PDF ACCOUNTS OR ACTUALS FOR A YEAR These are the amounts of receipts and disbursements for the financial year beginning on April 1st and ending on March 31st following, as finally recorded in the Accounting authority’s books APPROPRIATION BILL The Appropriation Bill is passed to provide for appropriation out of the Consolidated Fund of India to meet requirements relating to - (a) the grants made by the Lok Sabha; (b) expenditure to be charged on the Consolidated Fund of India. CAPITAL BUDGET The capital budget is different from the revenue budget as its components are of a long-term nature. The capital budget consists of capital receipts and payment. CASH SUPPLEMENTARY DEMANDS This supplementary is over and above the original budget provisions and results in enhancement of the allocation for the Demand/Grant. CHARGED EXPENDITURE (ON CONSOLIDATED FUND OF INDIA) This means such expenditure which is non-votable by t...

Compensation :   Given the inaccurate nature of circle rates - four times the market value in rural areas and twice the market value in urban areas.  Resettlement and Rehabilitation:    This is the very first law that links land acquisition and the accompanying obligations for resettlement and rehabilitation. Over five chapters and two entire Schedules have been dedicated to outlining elaborate processes (and entitlements) for resettlement and rehabilitation. The Second Schedule in particular outlines the benefits (such as land for land, housing, employment and annuities) that shall accrue in addition to the one-time cash payments.  Social Impact Assessment not needed for t hese five categories  Defence Rural Infra Infrastructure Industrial Corridors Housing for Poors Multiple checks and balances: Monitoring committees at the national and state levels to ensure that Rehabilitation and Resettlement  obligat...