Competition ZENITH

Composition of Atmosphere Gas Percentage Nitrogen 78.9 Oxygen 20.95 Argon 0.93 Carbon Dioxide 0.03 Structure Of Atmosphere Ozone is found between 10-50 Km CO2 & water vapour available upto 90 Km Water Vapour decreases from Equator to pole, act as a blanket & allow earth not to become too hot or too cold Dust Particles act as Hygroscopic Nuclie around which water vapour condence to produce cloud. Earth's atmosphere can be divided into 4 major layers from bottom to top Troposphere The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere. It extends from Earth's surface to an average height of about 12 km, although this altitude actually varies from about 9 km at the poles to 17 km at the equator. The temperature usually declines with increasing altitude i.e. 1degree decrease after 165 m in the troposphere because the troposphere is mostly heated through energy transfer from the surface. All weather & cli...

The configuration of the surface of the earth is largely a product of the processes operating in the interior of the earth. Exogenic as well as endogenic processes are constantly shaping the landscape. The Crust ( SIAL - Silica & Aluminium) It is the outermost solid part of the earth.  It is brittle in nature.  Oceanic crust is thinner as compared to the continental crust. The mean thickness of oceanic crust is 5 km whereas that of the continental is around 30 km. The continental is as much as 70 km thick in the Himalayan region. It is made up of heavier rocks having density of 3 g/cm3. This type of rock found in the oceanic crust is basalt.  The mean density of material in oceanic crust is 2.7 g/cm3. The Mantle ( SIMA - Silica & Magnesium) The portion of the interior beyond the crust is called the mantle. The mantle extends from Moho’s discontinuity to a depth of 2,900 km. The upper portion of the mantle is called asthenosphere. It...

"Geomorphology" - Study of the earth surface A landform is a feature on the Earth's surface that is part of the terrain. Mountains, hills, plateaus, and plains are the four major types of landforms. Minor landforms include buttes, canyons, valleys, and basins. Landforms by Rivers Erosion The Erosion results first into Rills then - Gullies then - Valleys Rills - are narrow and shallow channels which are eroded into unprotected soil by hillslope runoff.  Gully - is a landform created by running water, eroding sharply into soil, typically on a hillside. Gullies resemble large ditches or small valleys Valley - is a low area between hills, often with a river running through it. Types -  V-Shape Valley - formed in Mountain region U-Shape Valley - carved by glaciers Canyon or Gorge - is a deep ravine between pairs of escarpments or cliffs Potholes - are cylindrical holes drilled into the bed of a river that vary in depth & diameter from...

Peninsular Drainage System They have a fixed course & Meanders (is a bend in Sinuous watercourse of river) are absent They have relatively steep gradient & thus rarely give rise to floods. They are further classified into  East Flowing peninsular river West Flowing peninsular river East Flowing Rivers - They drains out in Bay of Bengal - They form Delta i. Mahanadi Origin - Sihawa, Raipur (Chhattisgarh) Project - Hirakund (Orissa) - Longest Earthen Dam in Asia Trib - Sheonath, Hasdo, Mand, Jonk, Tel L - 858 Km, 47% in Orissa ii. Godavari      "Dakshin Ganga" Origin - Trimbak, Nashik (Maharashtra) Project - Polavaram Dam (Andhra Pradesh) Trib - Indravati, Pranhita, Manjara L - 1465 Km, 49% in Maharashtra Largest peninsular river, flows in Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Andhra. It forms delta after Rajmundari iii. Krishna Origin - Mahabaleshwar, Satara (Maharashtra) Project - Almatti Dam (Karnataka), Nagarj...

Indian Peninsular Plateau is triangle in shape having average height of 600-900 mt extends from Alluvial plain of Bihar & UP towards south. The peninsular plateau is a tableland. It is composed of the oldest rocks because it was formed from the drifted part of the Gondwana land. Broad and shallow valleys and rounded hills are the characteristic features of this plateau The plateau can be broadly divided into two regions Central Highland Deccan Plateau Central Highland The Central Highlands lies to the north of the Narmada river. It covers the major portion of the Malwa plateau - lies in western MP, famous for opium,Soyabean & cotton, Chambal river flows through it.  The rivers in this region flow from southwest to northeast; which indicates the slope of this region. It is wider in the west and narrower in the east. Bundelkhand and Baghelkhand mark the eastward extension of this plateau. The plateau further extends eastwards into the  C...

43% - Plain 30% - Mountain 27% - Plateau 23% - Forest India is 2.4% of world = 3.28 Million Km^2 Area North to South - 3214 Km East to West - 2933 Km Latitude -  8°4' N and 37°6' N Longitude -  68°7' E and 97°25' E Standard Meridian -  82.5° E (5 Hr 30 Min Ahead) Territorial Limit - 12 Nautical Miles (13.8 mi or 22.2 Km) from coastline Tropic of Cancer (23°30' N) - Through 8 States :- Gujrat, Rajasthan, M.P., Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, W.B., Tripura, Mizoram. Maximum Length of Border with - Bangladesh (4096 Km) Himalayas Arc shape 2500 Km b/w river Indus & Brahmaputra Its upliftment in 3 phases (Cretaceous Period) Inner Himalayas - Oligocene Period Middle Himalayas - Miocene Period Outer Himalayas - Post Pleistocene Period Outer Himalayas (Shiwalik) Youngest, Height is 600 to 1500 mt  Arunachal Pradesh - Abor, Dafla, Miri, Mishmi, Patkai Bum Nepal - Churia, Muria, Dhang, Dhundwa J.K. - Jammu Hills Lo...

The Earth is a member of the Solar System. It is one of eight  major planets revolving round the Sun. Of these, Mercury and Venus are nearer, and Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto are farther away from the Sun than the Earth. The planets radiate no light of their own , but shine with that reflected from the Sun. The Sun has a diameter of 864,000 miles (1,390,000 Kms) and it is 93,000,000 miles (150,000,000 Kms) from the Earth. The Sun is a star. The stars, unlike the planets, are self-luminous bodies. The other stars appear small because they are so far away; the nearest star, Proxima Centauri, is 200,000 times more distant from us than the Sun. The Moon is a dead planet. It is about 240,000 miles (386,000 Kms) from the Earth. The Moon revolves round the Earth taking approximately 29 days to complete one round. The phases of the Moon are the result of its position in relation to the Earth and the Sun. The Moon’s orbit is elliptical and inclined at an a...