1. Archimede's principle - It states that a body when wholly or partially immersed in a liquid, experiences an upward thrust which is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by it. Thus, the body appears to lose a part of its weight. This loss in weight is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by the body.
2. Aufbau principle - It states that in an unexcited atom, electrons reside in the lowest energy orbitals available to them.
3. Avogadro's Law - It states that equal volumes of all
gases under similar conditions of temperature and pressure contain equal number
of molecules.
4. Brownian motion - It is a zigzag, irregular motion
exhibited by small solid particles when suspended in a liquid or gas due to
irregular bombardment by the liquid or gas molecules.
5. Bernoulli's principle - It states that as the speed of a
moving fluid, liquid or gas, increases, the pressure within the fluid
decreases. The aerodynamic lift on the wing of an aeroplane is also explained
in part by this principle.
6. Boyles's Law - It states that
temperature remaining constant, volume of a given mass of a gas varies
inversely with the pressure of the gas. Thus, PV = K (constant), where, P =
Pressure and V = Volume.
7. Charles's Law - It states that pressure remaining
constant, the volume of a given mass of gas increases or decreases by
1/273 part of its volume at 0 degree celsius for each degree celsius rise or
fall of its temperature.
8. Coulomb's Law - It states that force of attraction or
repulsion between two charges is proportional to the amount of charge on both
charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
9. Heisenberg principle (uncertainty principle) - It is
impossible to determine with accuracy both the position and the momentum of a
particle such as electron simultaneously.
10. Gay-Lussac’s Law of combining volumes - Gases react
together in volumes which bear simple whole number ratios to one another and
also to the volumes of the products, if gaseous — all the volumes being
measured under similar conditions of temperature and pressure.
11. Graham’s Law of Diffusion - It states that the rates of
diffusion of gases are inversely proportional to the square roots of their
densities under similar conditions of temperature and pressure.
12. Kepler's Law - Each planet revolves round the Sun in an elliptical
orbit with the Sun at one focus. The straight line joining the Sun and the
planet sweeps out equal areas in equal intervals. The squares of the orbital
periods of planets are proportional to the cubes of their mean distance from
the Sun.
13. Law of Floatation - For a body to float, the following
conditions must be fulfilled:
(1) The weight of the body should be equal to the weight of the water displaced.
(2) The centre of gravity of the body and that of the liquid displaced should be in the same straight line.
(1) The weight of the body should be equal to the weight of the water displaced.
(2) The centre of gravity of the body and that of the liquid displaced should be in the same straight line.
14. Law of conservation of energy - It states that
energy can neither be created nor destroyed but it can be transformed from one
form to another. Since energy cannot be created or destroyed, the amount of
energy present in the universe is always remain constant.
15. Newton's First Law of Motion - An object at rest tends to
stay at rest, and an object in motion tends to stay in motion, with the same
direction and speed in a straight line unless acted upon by some external
force.
16. Newton's Second Law of Motion - The rate of change of
momentum of a body is directly proportional to the force applied and takes
place in the direction in which the force acts.
17. Newton's Third Law of Motion - To every action there is
an equal and opposite reaction.
18. Newton's Law of Gravitation - All particles of matter
mutually attract each other by a force directly proportional to the
product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the
distance between them.
19. Ohm's Law - It states that the current passing through a
conductor between two points is directly proportional to the potential
difference across the two points provided the physical state and temperature
etc. of the conductor does not change.
20. Pauli exclusion principle - It explains that no two
electrons in the same atom or molecule can have the same set of quantum
numbers.
21. Raman effect - It is the change in wavelength that occurs
when light is scattered by the atoms or molecules in a transparent
medium.
22. Tyndall effect - The scattering of light by very small
particles suspended in a gas or liquid.
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