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Chapter 8- South Indian Kingdom

CHERAS + CHOLAS + PANDYAS = SANGAM AGE

PALLAVAS

Cap - Kanchi
Founder - Simhavishnu (Avnismha)
Last - Aprajitha def by Aditya-I (chola)
  • Hieun Tsang visited Kanchipuram

i. Mahendravarman-I (Sankirtanjali)
  • Jainism follower & lost to Pulakeshin-II
  • Titles 'Chitrakarpuli' & 'Vichitra Chitta' - due to excellence in building, painting & music
  • Introduced Rock Cut Temple. Temples at 'Bhairavkona' & 'Ananteshwar'
ii. Narsimhavarman-I
  • Titles 'Vatapi Kondan' & 'Mamalla' - a great wrestler 
  • Constructed Raths at Mamallapuram & Mandapa
iii. Narsimhavarman-II (Rajsimha)
  • Build 'Kailashnath Temple' at Kanchi, 'Shore Temple' at Mamallapuram & 'Talagirisvara Temple' at Panamalai
  • "Dandialankaram" (Skt Gramm) - Dandin (Court Scholar)
- 'Vaikunta Perumal Temple'(Vishnu) at Kanchi - Nandivarman-II
- 'Dravidian' style temple

CHOLAS

Cap - Tanjore 
Emblem - Tiger
Founder - Vijayalaya
Last - Rajendra-III 


i. Rajaraj-I
  • Conquered Ceylon & Maldives & defeated chera, pandyas, chalukyas
  • Titles 'Mummudi Chola', 'Jayam kondan', 'Shivpadasekara'
  • Temples- Shiv Temple at Anuradhapuram, Brahdeshwar Temple at Tanjore, Alravatesvara Temple at Darasuram.
ii. Rajendran-I
  • Conquered whole Ceylon & def bengal ruler Mahipala & founded city 'Gangaikonda Cholapuram'
  • Conquered Nicobar Islands
  • Titles- 'Gangaikondan', 'Panditha Cholan', 'Kadram Kondan'
- Chief feature of temple is Vimana
- Bronze Natraj Idol at Nageswara also bronze idol of Arthanareeswar
- Bharatnatyam
-'Gopuram' & 'Garbhagriha' were two important structures

PANDYA

Cap - Madurai
Emblem - Fish
Founder - Kadungon


  • Famous for Pearl Diving
  • Trade with Roman, Augustus & Trojan
  • Famous temple architectures - Gpuram, Prakaras, Vimanas, Garbgrahas & Gateways
  • Temple - Sithannavasal Cave Temple
  • Paintings - Lotus, Bathing Elephant, Playing Fish





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